martes, 23 de junio de 2009

IMPORTANCIA DE LAS INSTITUCIONES SOCIALES.

Las instituciones son mecanismos de orden social y cooperación que gobiernan las acciones de determinado grupo de individuos en relación con su entorno, sin importar el número de miembros que este tenga, es decir, si son un grupo pequeño o una sociedad numerosa. Son cuerpos normativos, jurídicos y culturales, conformados por un conjunto de ideas, creencias, valores y reglas que condicionan las formas de intercambio social.
Todas las instituciones llevan consigo un propósito social y funciona a través de reglas. Existen muchos grados de instituciones, formales e informales. El estudio de estas instituciones es de gran valor para entender muchos
comportamientos políticos, económicos, sociales, culturales, educativas, etc.
Constituyen la base sobre la cual descansa el resto de las
funciones comunicativas y sirve no solo para transferir información y entendimiento entre las personas y los grupos, sino también para unificar el comportamiento del grupo, que es el fundamento de una cooperación continua.
Las instituciones se crean culturalmente en procesos temporales que cada época enfrenta, toda institución, también se enfrenta a crisis que parecieran conducir a su disolución, pero como simbolizan elementos esenciales para una determinada sociedad, sólo requieren ajustes de acuerdo a los conflictos a los que se enfrente, porque como se mencionó antes, las instituciones no pueden disolverse.
Las instituciones sociales más reconocidas son: la familia, la religión, el mercado, el sistema educacional, el poder judicial, el ayuntamiento y el sindicato.
Las instituciones logran también la conformación en grupos verticales la conformación en grupos verticales diferenciados de acuerdo a criterios establecidos y reconocidos.
El concepto de estratificación social implica que existe una
jerarquía social así como una desigualdad social estructurada. Dicha desigualdad esta institucionalizada, y tiene una consistencia y coherencia a través del tiempo. Formas de estratificación social, generalmente citadas, son las castas, estamentos y clases sociales. Diferenciados de acuerdo a criterios establecidos y reconocidos.
La estratificación social es un medio para representar la
desigualdad social de una sociedad en la distribución de los bienes y atributos socialmente valorados, esto a su vez delimita los roles y estatus sociales de cada individuo, y por ende de cada sociedad.
Como vemos, las instituciones son completamente necesarias para el buen funcionamiento de una sociedad. Asignan el orden social necesario para la convivencia y para el desempeño pleno de los individuos que las constituyen. Buscan además, que cada individuo, perteneciente a la institución, este protegido y tenga una vida plausible.

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